As shown above, Demographic Information (which includes information such as age, race/ethnicity, country of birth) allows LAYC to answer the question of “who we serve”. Process Information and Data (which documents the types of services provided, such as hours of service) allows us to document “what we did”, while Outcome Information and Data (which documents the changes participants experience, such as improved grades, job attainment, or decreased substance use) allows us to determine “what are the outcomes”. Taken collectively, all of this data and information will ultimately allow LAYC to answer perhaps the most important question of all: “why did the program outcomes happen.”
To track demographic, process, and outcome data, LAYC uses the Efforts-To-Outcomes (ETO) software package, designed by Social Solutions, Inc. The ETO software allows an agency to customize the software based on program or organizational needs; an attractive feature for LAYC and its variety of social service programs. Using the software, LAYC can analyze data and information by program, by individual participant, or across programs; enabling staff to ask and answer a range of evaluation questions.
LAYC began using ETO in June 2005, and since that time has dramatically improved its ability to collect and report demographic information on participants. This includes the ability to generate reports that show duplicated and unduplicated participant counts by date ranges for each LAYC program and the entire organization.
Through the use of ETO, LAYC’s programs have also begun in-depth collection of process data such as hours of service, as well as attendance information. Each program also uses ETO in some fashion to track outcome data. These outcome tracking methods include pre/post-test results, report card grades, test scores, structured observation tools, weekly and monthly progress reports, and case notes.
Several years ago, LAYC underwent a strategic planning process which led to the creation of a set of six outcome objectives to direct program evaluation and data collection efforts. These outcome objectives serve to generally describe the types of outcomes LAYC hopes to achieve through programming. Each program is then required to identify and develop program outcomes that support the six LAYC outcome objectives. These six LAYC outcome objectives are:
LAYC’s Outcome Objectives
- Increased academic achievement and commitment to education, for both in-school and out-of-school youth;
- Acquisition of career skills and knowledge for immediate employment/financial purposes and long term career development;
- Increased awareness of the community and engagement in improving it;
- Improved ability to initiate and sustain positive relationships;
- Adoption of healthy habits and avoidance of risky behaviors; and
- Increased ability to find positive solutions to the immediate needs of daily life.
LAYC’s Learning and Evaluation Specialists assist each program in the use of indicators to measure progress towards these six outcome objectives. In addition, these individuals support each program with all data collection and program evaluation activities as needed. The Learning and Evaluation Specialists also serve as the primary resource for programs when they have questions relating to evaluation and outcome measurement. When necessary, these individuals also design (and modify existing) evaluation and data collection tools to measure program effectiveness.
LAYC utilizes all outcome information and evaluation results to foster an environment conducive to continuous learning and improvement. For example, senior staff and program directors at LAYC use outcomes derived from program evaluations to recognize staff for their positive progress. LAYC also uses these successes by working to identify the specific components of a successful program in the hopes of expanding the program to new populations or service areas.
For programs or activities that result in less positive results, LAYC staff work to determine what went wrong and how the services can be improved. Program directors and senior staff view these as opportunities to refine and address struggling program components and identify areas for improvement. Each unsuccessful outcome or evaluation result is treated as a learning opportunity where staff can rethink their approaches to service provision and use existing outcome measures to determine a more effective approach to serving youth.
As each program improves its data collection and outcome reporting techniques, LAYC’s Learning and Evaluation Specialists will aggregate similar data in an attempt to identify organizational level changes and outcomes. With this step, LAYC hopes to become a leader in the youth development field by measuring positive changes experienced by youth across programs at the same organization.